Parking Lot Design

1.    Research Chapter 159: Unified Land Development Ordinance  (UDO) found in Title XV: Land Usage in the City of Noblesville, Indiana Code of Ordinances for regulations related to parking. You can access the Code of Ordinances (COO) at www.amlegal.com (choose the library tab, select Indiana, and click on the link to Noblesville). Based on your research, answer the following questions. Document the section of the code in which you found each answer.

·         How many parking spaces are required for the Keystone Library? Show your calculation. (COO Table 9, Section 159.142 or UDO Table 10.0.3.B)

For a community or recreation center, we need 1 parking space per 200 square feet, and our fun center consists of 15000 square feet total. 15000/200 Therefore we need 75 parking spaces.

·         What distance must parking lots be set back from the property line? ((UDO Section 4.B.1)

Not able to find official spot saying dimension, but you told me that it is 20 feet, not being able to find UDO Section 4.B.1.

·         Assuming a 90 degree parking angle, what size parking spaces should be used? (COO Table 10, Section 159.143 or UDO Table 10.0.4.A)

Our stall width shall be 9 feet, with a vehicle protection length of 18 feet.

·         What aisle width should be used? (COO Table 10, Section 159.143 or UDO Table 10.0.4.A)

The aisle width shall be 24 feet.

·         Describe the requirements on driveway (ingress and egress) location from adjacent property lines and intersections. (COO Section 159.143 or UDO Section 4.C.2)

Non-residential driveway entrances or exits shall be at least 25 feet from an adjoining residential property line; ten feet from an adjoining non-residential property line; or 45 feet from an intersection.

·         What is the maximum driveway width that can be used for a non-residential development?(COO Section 159.143 or UDO Section 4.C.2)

No single non-residential or multi-family driveway shall exceed a width of 30 feet at the right-of-way line.  However, a driveway 36 feet in width at the right-of-way line shall be permitted provided pavement markings indicate three separate lanes, one for ingress and two for egress. An entrance/exit divider not to exceed ten feet in width shall not be counted towards the width limit. Non- residential driveways are limited to one per street frontage and shall be approved by the Engineer having jurisdiction thereof.

·         What is the drainage runoff requirement for parking and driveway areas? (COO Section 159.143 or UDO Section 4.D.2)

 Such parking areas shall be graded and properly drained in such a manner that there will be no free flow of water onto either adjacent property or public sidewalks.  Any runoff generated by such improved areas shall be disposed of in appropriate drainage facilities.

·         Is parking lot lighting required? What is the requirement? (COO Section 159.143 or UDO Section 4.D.4)

A minimum of one foot-candle of illumination shall be provided throughout the parking lot.  Illumination of off-street parking areas shall be arranged and/or shielded so as not to reflect direct rays of light onto adjacent properties or streets.

·         How many accessible parking spaces are required? (COO Table 11, Section 159.144 or UDO Table 10.0.5)

A minimum of three accessible parking spaces are required

·         Is a loading area required for the library? (COO Section 159.147 or UDO Section 8.A)

On the same premises with every use involving the receipt or distribution by vehicle of material or merchandise, there shall be provided and maintained on the lot adequate space for standing, loading, and unloading in order to avoid undue interference with public use of the street or alley.

·         How many loading berths are required for the site? (COO Table 13, Section 159.147 or UDO Section 8.B)

We need 1 loading berth at our site.

·         In terms of parking lot landscaping requirements, what class of parking lot is required for the library? (Section 159.184)

We must use a class C landscaped parking lot.

·         Describe the overall interior parking lot landscape requirements.

In some cases where parking is required for a use, a certain percentage of the paved area must be maintained as landscape areas which include landscape islands and peninsulas. Our parking lot  must be at least 8% landscaped. We may not exceed 1000 square feet on a single parking lot island.

·         What are the requirements for single row parking landscape islands and peninsulas?

All single row parking landscape islands and peninsulas shall be a minimum of 180 square feet in area with a minimum width of nine feet measured from back of curb to back of curb. Each island and peninsula shall contain a minimum of one canopy tree and five evergreen or deciduous shrubs, or ornamental grasses.

 

·         What are the requirements for double row parking landscape islands and peninsulas?

All double row parking landscape islands shall be a minimum of 240 square feet in area with a minimum width of nine feet measured from back of curb to back of curb. Each island and peninsula shall contain a minimum of two canopy trees and ten evergreen or deciduous shrubs, or ornamental grasses.

·         Where can one find the perimeter parking lot landscaping requirements? You may need to reference this information later.

Table 12.0.5.D.2

·         What other landscaping requirements are contained in the code of ordinances?

The primary plant materials used in parking lots shall be canopy tree species, in conformance with applicable provisions of § 159.183(A) and (B) above.  Understory trees, shrubbery, hedges, and other plant materials may be used to supplement the canopy tree plantings, but shall not be the sole contribution to such landscaping.

·         Describe the requirements for trash receptacle enclosures. (Section 159.187)

All trash receptacles shall be completely screened by a wall on three sides matching the materials, color and architecture of the primary structure located on the parcel. The fourth side shall consist of a metal gate or other similar materials completely hiding the trash receptacle. The enclosure must measure a minimum of six feet in height or two feet above the height of the trash receptacle, whichever is greater. Trash receptacle enclosures shall not be located in front of any building, adjacent to a collector, arterial, or expressway, or adjacent to any residential use.

 

2.    Create a site bubble diagram to represent preliminary locations for the parking lot, ingress and egress, trash receptacle enclosure, loading area, and required landscaping.

3.    Study your site plan. Select a preliminary location and orientation for the parking lot. Based on your code research, sketch a preliminary design for the parking lot and pedestrian walkways to scale on the site plan. Include ingress and egress, the required number of spaces (including accessible spaces), aisles, lighting, and landscaping. Taking into consideration the existing topography, use arrows to indicate the anticipated drainage paths. Do not incorporate the parking lot in your 3D model at this time.

3.3.6 HVAC System

Conclusion

1.    What is important to consider when designing an HVAC system?

Efficiency along with site orientation, air infiltration, and many other factors are important to consider when designing an HVAC system.

2.    How does the HVAC system affect the design of the building structure?

An HVAC system would affect the design of a building in many ways. First, it would be necissary to provide certain rooms or areas for the base units. Also, one would want to make the building the most efficent in accordance to the HVAC system.

3.    How does an engineer know the requirements for mechanical design of an HVAC system?

He would know the requirements by reading amd applying the codes that correspond to the specific area.

4.    Why is it important for architects to be aware of how mechanical systems are designed or constructed?

It is important because the architect must design the building around the requirements for the mechanical systems based on things like space needed for the systems.

5.    What information must an architect provide to a mechanical engineer to ensure proper design and placement of the mechanical systems?
The archictect would need to provide the layout and building plans so that the mechanichal engineer would be able to design the systems properly according to the building.

3.3.4 Energy Codes

1.    Follow the link to What’s Happening in Your State. Based on the map and key, what is the status of the energy codes in Indiana (where the Keystone Library building is located)? What is the energy code status in neighboring states? What is the energy code status in your state?
In Indiana, which is also my state, the status of the energy codes are equivalent to ASHRAE 90.1-2007. In the neighboring states, Illinois is Equivalent to 2012 IECC, Ohio is Equivalent to 2009 IECC, Michigan is Equivalent to ASHRAE 90.1-2007, while Kentucky is Equivalent to 2009 IECC with Amendments.

2.    What is needed in order to comply with the energy code (using the prescriptive approach presented in the PowerPoint) with regard to the unheated slab on grade for the Keystone Project? If the project were located in Montana, what would be the requirement for perimeter slab insulation?
Neither of these have requirements in regard to the unheated slab on grade or perimeter slab insulation.

3. Calculate the percentage of exterior wall composed of fenestration to verify that the area of fenestration is less than or equal to 40%.
The total area of the walls is 11657.24 ft squared, while the total area of the fenstration is 2112.32 ft squared. The percentage of fenstration is 18%.

4. Assume that the client would like to provide shading for the fenestrations on the south face of the building in order to protect the library books and resources from damage from the sun. Research methods to provide window shading and paste in a preliminary design that would provide shading such that the resulting projection factor does not restrict the use of windows based on the Solar Heat Gain Coefficient.

You would use overhangs to provide shading.

5. Calculate the heat loss through the new second floor wall in the Keystone Library Renovation. Assume an interior temperature of 68 degrees F and an exterior temperature of 32 degrees F. 

Area of Curtain wall = 1070.49 Square Footage
Delta T = 36 degrees
U Value = .5988

Formula Q=A*U*DeltaT
36*.5988*1070.49= 21270.74 BTU/hour

Conclusion

6.    What is the purpose of energy codes?

The purpose of energy codes are to make sure that the building is an appropriate level of efficiency.

7.    How does adding a vestibule improve energy efficiency?

This helps because it causes the warm or cool air to not directly enter the building, allowing less heat loss or gain.

8.     What recommendations would you make to improve the energy efficiency of the existing structure during the renovation process for the Keystone Library?

Adding solar panels on the second story roof would help, along with appropriate use of windows to reduce the use of artificial lighting.

Activity 3.1.2

1.    Identify the Building Code that applies in Noblesville by reviewing Section 154.04 Adoption of Rules by Reference in the Noblesville Code of Ordinances.

 Indiana Building Code

2.    Visit the Indiana Association of Building Officials website at http://www.iabo.com/ and follow the link to Current Codes. On which model code is the current Indiana Building Code based?

 2006 International Building Code

3.    Using the International Building Code, find the Use and Occupancy classification of the proposed new Keystone Building.

A-3 Assembly uses intended for worship, recreation or amusement and other assembly uses not classified elsewhere in Group A

4.    Using the International Building Code, describe each of the four types of construction. Based on the existing structure, under which of these types of construction could the Keystone Building fall? See section 503.1.

Types I and II. Types I and II construction are those types of construction in which the building elements listed in Table 601 are of noncombustible materials, except as permitted in Section 603 and elsewhere in this code.

Type III. Type III construction is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials and the interior building elements are of any material permitted by this code. Fire-retardant-treated wood framing complying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted within exterior wall assemblies of a 2-hour rating or less.

Type IV. Type IV construction (Heavy Timber, HT) is that type of construction in which the exterior walls are of noncombustible materials and the interior building elements are of solid or laminated wood without concealed spaces. The details of Type IV construction shall comply with the provisions of this section. Fire-retardant-treated wood framing complying with Section 2303.2 shall be permitted within exterior wall assemblies with a 2-hour rating or less. Minimum solid sawn nominal dimensions are required for structures built using Type IV construction (HT). For glued-laminated members the equivalent net finished width and depths corresponding to the minimum nominal width and depths of solid sawn lumber are required as specified in Table 602.4.

Type V. Type V construction is that type of construction in which the structural elements, exterior walls and interior walls are of any materials permitted by this code.

The keystone building will most likely fall in type IV

5.    Compare the allowable Building Heights and Areas (IBC 2009 Table 503) for the Keystone Library using different construction types. What is the least restrictive construction type that can be used for the Keystone Library? Is a fire-protective layer required over the structural elements? Note: The letter A indicates that the structural members are protected by a fire-rated coating or cover (sheetrock, spray on, or another approved method). The letter B indicates that the structural members are not protected by an additional fire-rated coating or cover.

The least restrictive contruction type that can be used in type V-A because it can be built out of anything. No fire protective layer is required.

6.    What materials do you propose to use for the new interior walls and floor for the Keystone Building? Justify your answer.

A variety of materials would be acceptable due to the fact that the outside is made of brick, and also the fact that it has steel supports. I personally would choose wood and drywall because it is inexpensive and easy.

7.    Use the IBC to determine the Occupant Load (IBC 2009 Section 1004) for the Keystone Building assuming a second floor is added per the Keystone Library Renovation Preliminary Building plans (see Revit file). For now, conservatively assume that the second floor is entirely stacks and that the first floor is entirely reading rooms. In addition, because there is currently no plan to include an outside stairway to the roof, assume that the occupants of the green roof must exit through the 2^nd floor. The building inspector has determined, based on the planned use of the green roof as additional reading area, that the occupant load for the green roof may be based on the requirements for reading rooms.

 Reading Room-178
 Stacks-47

8.    The occupant load is used to determine the minimum egress width for the building. Use the IBC to determine the required total egress width (IBC 2009 Section 1005) for the Keystone Building including the second floor.
47 inches is the minimum width of egress for the building.

9.    What is the minimum number of exits required for the Occupant Load (IBC 2009 Section 1021)?

4 exits is the minumum number required in accordance to the occupant load.

10. Read IBC 2009 Section 1021.2. Is it permissible to have only a single exit from the ground floor? From the second floor? Justify your answers.
Only one exit shall be required from Group R-3 occupancy buildings or from stories of other buildings as indicated in Table 1021.2. Occupancies shall be permitted to have a single exit in buildings otherwise required to have more than one exit if the areas served by the single exit do not exceed the limitations of Table 1021.2. Mixed occupancies shall be permitted to be served by single exits provided each individual occupancy complies with the applicable requirements of Table 1021.2 for that occupancy. Where applicable, cumulative occupant loads from adjacent occupancies shall be considered in accordance with the provisions of Section 1004.1. Basements with a single exit shall not be located more than one story below grade plane.

The answers to the following questions should be researched in the Noblesville Code of Ordinances and the Noblesville Zoning Map.

 

11. In which zoning designation does the Keystone building property lie? (Refer to the Keystone Library Site Location Map to help locate the site on the zoning map.)
Planned Business

12. Describe the purpose of this zoning designation. Document your answer with a section number from the code.

The purpose of the PB District is to encourage well-planned business uses, particularly with respect to unified design, safe ingress-egress, adequate and properly located parking and service facilities and convenient and safe pedestrian accessibility.  Shopping centers are good examples of types of uses in the PB District.  The PB District is also designed to service the motoring public through such uses as motels, restaurants, or service stations.  The PB District shall only be permitted along or at the intersection of major arterials as specified by the Thoroughfare Plan element of the Comprehensive Plan.

Found in 159.107

13. What is the minimum lot size within this designation? Does the Keystone Property meet this requirement? Document your answer with a section number of the code.

20,000 sq. ft. found on chart in 159.107
The keystone Property does meet the lot size requirement.

14. What is the maximum building height according to the Noblesville ordinance?

3 stories or 35 ft.

15. Read Section 159.120 of the Noblesville Code of Ordinances. Record any information that is important to the redevelopment of the Keystone building.
A.) Allowable Use of Land and Building.
(B)     Property Access.  Every building hereafter erected or moved shall be located on a lot with frontage and access on a street, and provide for safe and convenient access, fire protection, and required off-street parking, except as otherwise provided in § 159.107(C).
(C)     Number of Buildings Per Lot.  Every building hereafter erected shall be located on a lot unless otherwise specified for planned developments.  In no case shall there be more than one principal building used for residential purposes, and its accessory buildings, located on one lot, except as otherwise provided in this chapter for a mobile home park or planned development.  If two or more principal non-residential buildings are located on a lot, the space between such buildings shall be as established by the yard setback requirements of the district in which the use is located.

16. Is the Use proposed in Keystone Building Project permitted on this property?  Document your answer.

The use proposed in the Keystone Building Project is permitted on this property. 159.120 section A defines the uses.

17. When developing a property, when is landscaping and screening required?
 Landscaping and Screening.  Landscaping and/or screening may be required in the following situations:

          (1)     Interior parking lot islands;
          (2)     Perimeter parking lot buffering;
          (3)     Buffering for non-residential uses abutting residential uses;
          (4)     Surrounding outdoor storage and waste disposal areas;

2.3 Essential questions

1.     How do you achieve a balance between cost-saving measures, important features, and environmental responsibility when designing a residential structure?

One way to achieve a balance betweet these three things would be to use energy-star rated appliances. Also, using specific materials to build a residential structure that are both high in quality and environmentally sound would be another way to do this.

 

2.     What are the advantages and disadvantages of using 3D architectural software rather than creating hand-produced plans?

Some advantages of using the 3D software would be the fact that it could be much neater and orginized. They also are much faster, and can be munipulated very easily. A disadvantage to this software is that for a quick rough draft, it would be a waste of time to use this software. In the quick, rough draft aspect, a sketch would be more logical.

 

3.     Why are organizations such as LEED important?

Orginizations such as LEED are important because they keep architects and engineers liable to their environmental footprint. They help make both a better more energy efficient home, and also help create less of a destructive environmental footprint.

 

4.     When planning a project, how does the availability of public utilities impact the design?

When planning a project, especially when talking about the water systems, the avalability of puplic utilities can greatly impact the process. If there is a public water supply, the home would not need to drill a well for water. Also, if the was a public sewer system, one would not need to build a septic tank.

 

5.     What options are available for the management of wastewater from a building?

In a residential home, there are a few different options for the management of wastewater. One would be a septic tank. This is mainly used out in the country, not near many others. In the more urban areas, one would have the option of a public sewer system.

 

6.     What are the important considerations when design a plumbing system?

Some important considerations when designing a plumbing system would be to keep your water heater in the central area, or near the majority of the plumbing fixtures. Also, one would try to keep the warm water pipes away from the side of the home.

 

7.     Why should a designer know about the different types of lighting and their applications?

A designer should know about the different types of lighting and their applications so that he could make the most energy efficient home. By knowing about things like skylights, and the correct window placement areas, the designer could make the home need much less artificial lighting in the daytime.

 

8.     What are the important considerations when designing an electrical system?

Some important considerations when designing an electrical system would be outlet placement. Also, one would try to wire the lights and other fixtures in the most energy eficient way possible.

 

9.     What information is important when documenting the design of a building?

Accurate dimensioning and labeling of the materials is important to include when documenting the design of a building. This includes views such as a dimensioned floor plan, a room schedule, and a wall section view.