Power Point Project 1.1.3

Ranch Style Architecture

Activity 1.1.2

1) Principle of design: Balance

Justification: This structure shows horizonal balance by having both of the window designs mimicking eachother.


2) Principle of design: Balance

Justification: This structure shows symetrical balance because the whole building exemplifies symetry.



3) Principle of design: EmphasisJustification: This structure shows emphasis on the white chimney because of the color. The dull brick is overlooked by the bright white chimney.


4) Principle of design: Movement

Justification: This structure exemplifies movement because the curved building structure seems to have flow towards the right.



5) Principle of design: Unity

Justification: This structure shows unity because of the color choice. All of the colors seem to be of the same type, dull. This brings unity to the piece.



6) Principle of design: Rythm

Justification: This structure shows regular rythm because the odd shape of the floors and colors repeats itself, and brings rythm to the piece.



7) Principle of design: Unity

Justification: This structure shows unity because it exemplifies consistent use of color, material, and texture on the house.



8) Principle of design: Rythm

Justification: This structure shows regular rythm because the arches in the aqueducts repeat in a regular pattern.


9) Principle of design: Balance

Justification: This structure shows symetrical balance because the building is symetrical.


10) Principle of design: Contrast

Justification: This structure shows contrast because the multiple colors on these buildings are noticably differnt.


Conculsion:

1.) Based on how they utilize these elements and principles, this distinguises which time period it was from. Typically, one time period used generally the same type of design principles and elements.

2.)One factor that would account for this is recreations. The neoclassism was a roman architecture revival time-period, so it may be hard to distinguish this from real roman architecture.

3.)By using shape and color, buildings can utilize the principle of emphasis, attracting costumers to this building so that they can buy the goods in the store/building.

Activity 1.1.1

1.     Define civil engineering.

Civil engineering is a type of engineering that is related to the design and construction of public works, like bridges, dams and other large facilities

2.     Define architecture.

Architecture is the art and science of designing and consturcting buildings.

3.     Describe the origination of the concept of architecture?

The concept of architecture has traces of originating ever since humans were known to have begun on the Earth. Although it wasn't anything like major bridges or buildings, there are remains of things like hieroglyphics and simple living structures found tracing back the the BC ages.

4.     In ancient times how were building materials chosen?

Building materials were chosen by their surroundings and climate. Whatever  was avaliable nearby according to their location and climate is what they used. This is nearly the definition of vernacular architecture.

5.     Give two examples of vernacular architecture.

One example of vernacular architecure is an igloo. They use the avaliable resources (snow and ice) according to their climate. Another example would be cliff dwellings. In the barin landscape they lived in, they didn't have much avaliable resources to create living structures. So, by using the avaliable resource (stone cliffs) the carved out living structures.

6.     Name and describe the type of system used to create many early buildings.

The post-and-lintel system has been commonly used among the ages. This is the construction of walls utilizing a framework of vertical posts and horizontal beams to carry floors and roof loads.

7.     What was the purpose of the Egyptian pyramids? Mexican pyramids?

The purpose of the Egyptian pyramids were not focused on Architecture, but on religious beliefs. They were tombs for the burial of highly ranked people in their civilization. The Mexican Pyramids were made for nearly the same purpose. Some of them were made to be a burial area for highly ranked officials, and others wre used for religious ceremonies.

8.     What kind of construction method was used to build the Parthenon? Made a simple sketch to illustrate.

The Parthenon was constructed using the post-and-linel system.

9.     What problem in architecture led to this form of construction?

The fact that the post and lintel provided an entrace but still had the same amount of support led to this system being used.

10. Explain how an arch is created.

Arches are created from blocks that are placed in a curved formation in such a way that they give each other support. A keystone is placed in the top of the arch to provide stability and support.

11.  How is the vault used in civil engineering?

They can be used for openings in bridges, walkways , and other passages.

12.  Give an example of an arch and dome system.

Middle-age cathedrals are very good examples of an arch and dome system.

13.  Give an example of a modern material we have that was not available to the ancients. How did this restrict construction in ancient times?

Steel is a material that wasn't avaliable to the ancients. This restricted them from building higher, stable buildings.

14.  What was the purpose of the Roman aqueducts?

The purpose of the Roman aqueducts was to transport large amounts of water to areas where water was distant or unavaliable.

15.  Compare ancient Greek roads to ancient Roman roads.

Greek roads were used mainly to transport goods, while Roman roads were used mainly for the transport of troops.

16. Describe an ancient Roman bridge.

A typical Roman bridge is constucted from mutiple archs underneath the roadway. Typically made out of stone, these bridges have a distinctive Roman look to them.

17. How did building materials and methods change after the Romans?

Building materials and methods changed after the Romans in a good way. They sparked a revolution of new creative and much more structurally sound buildings.

Conclusion

1.     Give an example of a modern pyramid not shown in the presentation. How does its function differ from that of the Egyptian pyramids? What do you think accounts for this difference?

Some pyramids not shown in the presentation include many from North America. For example, Munks Mount in Illinois. Its function was believed to be religious, like the Egyptian, but thats really all they know about it. It wasnt specified as a burial area. This difference is probably because the egyptians beliefs were different about the afterlife, and they wanted their highest officials in the best places once they died.

2.     Give an example of a modern structure that uses an arch and dome system.

One example of a modern arch and dome system would be the Globe Arena in Stockholm.

3.     What is the main purpose of modern roads? How is the cost of modern roadways defrayed?
The main  purpose of modern road is for public transportation, and also transportation of goods. The cost is defrayed by tax payers.